DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717968   IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11644770

Binary phase modulation (BPM) FMCW radar architecture for multiperson micro-motion monitoring and vital sign extraction.

78 GHz

A rigorous mathematical analysis of the BPM operating principle is presented in the context of vital sign extraction. Emphasis is placed on the impact of practical nonidealities, such as quantization errors in phase and amplitude. Employing a phase shifter at each transmit (TX) channel allows all TX channels to operate simultaneously with high temporal resolution. A phase-based displacement reconstruction framework is presented to recover thoracic motion and associated fine physiological information.

Multiperson noncontact biomedical sensing.

39.5 dB measured peak -to-noise ratio (PNR) for the BPM radar architecture, which is about 4.8 dB better than that measured for a phased array radar architecture, and about 10.5 dB better than for a TDM architecture. 9.3° of angular separation between two individuals relative to the radar was estimated, and confirmed the ability for the BPM radar architecture to distinguish between two subjects. The BPM radar architecture was able to measure the cardiac MC-AC interval consistent with conventional ECG and SCG measurement methods.