DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3701701

IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11575247

Phrase Summary:

An E-band four-channel phased-array transmitter with nested-coupler-based phase shifter.

Sentence Summary:

This article presents a 71–76-GHz (E-band) four-channel phased-array transmitter in 65-nm CMOS with a nested-coupler-based phase shifter for compactness and accuracy.

Paragraph Summary:

This article presents a 71–76-GHz (E-band) four-channel phased-array transmitter in 65-nm CMOS.  A nested-differential quadrature coupler-based phase shifter achieves compactness and accurate quadrature signal generation.  A digitally controlled differential cross-coupled Gm-cell (CSCG) array-based variable-gain amplifier (VGA) assures stable input impedance during gain transitions.  The phase shifter achieves 360° phase coverage with 5.625° resolution and 12-dB attenuation (ATT) range in 1-dB steps.  The transmitter saturated output power (P_sat) measures 13.82 dBm.  A compact area of 1.55 × 1.61 mm² makes this innovative design suitable for substrate-based phased-array implementations for diverse millimeter-wave wireless communication and sensing systems.