DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3627908   IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11242029    

An amplitude-phase-independent programmable metasurface (A/PIPMS) with fully decoupled amplitude and phase control by p-i-n diodes

5.6 – 5.8 GHz

Programmable low side lobe patterns are realized for beam scanning in the far field. Ring-Airy beams with different curvatures are realized to provide dynamic focal distances and obstacle-avoidance regions for wireless power transfer (WPT) in the near field. Amplitude control is accomplished with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to operate an eight-throw switch to connect current limiting resistors in a simple p-i-n diode circuit. Phase control is also accomplished with a FPGA to operate a double-throw switch to select the voltage applied to a p-i-n circuit.

Beamforming solutions for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in complex and large scale aerial networks including low-altitude uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

55° beam scanning, 3-bit amplitude resolution, 1-bit phase resolution, 1 MHz controller switching capability; 84.63% amplitude shifting range, <±1.09% amplitude error; 0° / 180° phase shift range, <±37° phase error; 0.096 mW power delivered in the z < 300 mm electromagnetic void-region along the obstacle corridor with a rectifier test module for near-field WPT, 1.03 mW power delivered in the z = 400 mm focal region.