DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3397950   IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10535994    

23–46-GHz, 8 × 8 Single-Polarized Wideband Bow-Tie Fully-Planar Phased Array built in 0.18µm SiGe BiCMOS

17 - 50 GHz (5G FR2 band).

The bow-tie antenna has a folded loop above it to tune impedance in the low band. Periodic patches below the bow-tie antenna create a reactive impedance surface RIS) above the ground plane with an equivalent parallel LC that resonates in the low band so that the bow-tie antenna behaves as if it is 1/4λ above the ground plane even though it is a much closer. A Wilkinson divider combines the beamformer's common ports of the 8x8 array for > -10 dB matching at all ports, >15 dB isolation between the adjacent middle ports and 3.3-4 dB insertion loss from 15-50 GHz. .

Multiband 5G base stations.

10-13 dBm OP1dB TX output power, -25 dBm IP1dB RX input power, 6.5 dB NF; 42-48 dB EIRP (OP1dB), ±55° scanning range, 5% EVM (64 QAM, 400 Mbaud) 280 mW DC (TX),250 mW DC (RX)