DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3619563   IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11218029

Optimized 2-bit quantized phase-only 41x41 metasurface capable of precise near-field multiobjective control.

13-17 GHz

The electromagnetic problem is mapped to a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem for 2-bit phases. For single target focusing tasks, a phase-gradient optimization method may be chosen if fast optimization is required. A quantum-inspired discrete simulated bifurcation (dSB) algorithm is employed for superior focusing performance. Inherent tradeoffs in multiobjective focusing are addressed with an adaptive weighting scheme for achieving arbitrary intensity ratios for complex asymmetric patterns, or a penalty method for enforcing energy uniformity for simpler symmetric patterns.

Near-field imaging, electromagnetic therapy and multi-task communication.

9.17% best focusing efficiency for the dSB optimization method applied for a single point in the near field for a 41x41 metasurface. 18.421% total efficiency for the dSB optimization method applied for three points in the near field for a 35x35 metasurface; 39.478% total efficiency for five points.